International Journal on Current Trends in Drug Development & Industrial Pharmacy [ISSN: 2581-7655 (online)]

COVID-19 Vaccine, Availability Herd Immunity

Rujittika Mungmungpuntipantip

To manage COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine becomes the new hope. The aim for controlling of COVID-19 pandemic is the generation of herd immunity. However, there is still no occurrence of herd immunity. In addition, due to rapid accelerating increase of demand, the supply of COVID-19 is not sufficient. Availability of vaccine in different settings is different and becomes important consideration in herd community generation.

Mushrooms as Medicinal and Therapeutic Agents

Aryadeep Roychoudhury

Mushrooms constitute a broad group of macrofungi, distributed all over the world, and serves as a reliable source of nutrients and medicine. While the importance of mushroom as single cell protein is well characterized, its potentiality in medical application is much less addressed and characterized. Mushrooms harbor several bioactive compounds of pharmacological significance like ?-glucans, terpenes, steroids, proteins and peptides which exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-neurodegenerative, antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic properties. Agaricus blazei, Ganoderma, Auricularia, Lentinus, Flammulina, Grifola, Trametes (Coriolus), Tremella and Pleurotus are some of the mushrooms which have been used in medicines. However, there are yet unidentified and uncharacterized mushrooms available in nature and large scale exploitation of mushrooms to resolve clinical symptoms will depend on more research in identifying novel compounds and conducting extensive clinical trials in human subjects.

Cold Chain, Cold Exposure and Changing of Form of COVID-Vaccine

Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip

COVId-19 is the hope for pandemic control. Since it is a new vaccine, there are many concerns on its efficacy and safety. The decreased efficacy of vaccine is possible if there is no good control before use in vaccination procedure. The cold chain is important in vaccine delivery and it is a forgotten determinant for vaccine efficacy in clinical practice. Appropriate temperature control is important. Sometimes, exposure to inappropriate temperature might cause change to vaccine. The change of vaccine after cold exposure is the good example.

COVID-19 Vaccination Status among University Students in Jamaica

Paul Andrew Bourne

This study seeks to explore vaccine hesitancy among university students at a tertiary institution in Jamaica since the effects of COVID-19. Specifically, it seeks to ask the following questions: What is the vaccination status of male and female respondents against COVID-19? What are the characteristics of the unvaccinated respondents against COVID 19? What reasons did the respondents give for their current unvaccinated position? A descriptive and web-based cross sectional research design was used to conduct a study on the vaccination status among university students in Jamaica, where a sample of 1200 students out of a total population of 3500 was surveyed during the period November 2021. The study used a convenience non-probability sampling procedure. A standardized instrument was developed and tested for validity and reliability and then sent to the students emails as well as their WhatsApp numbers. Only the questionnaires that were answered and returned become part of the study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 27.0 was used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed by way of frequencies, per cents, and cross-tabulations, and displayed via tables and graphs. A p-value of 5 per cent (2-tailed) was used to determine the level of statistical significance. The results indicated that, the majority of the respondents are not vaccinated (56.8%), with only a few being fully-vaccinated against COVID-19 (28.6%). However, majority of them were planning to be vaccinated (41.9%), although 29.2% expressed being afraid of the vaccines. Fear of the unknown about the COVID-19 vaccine is fundamental reason for the hesitancy among sampled university students.

The Study of Relative Toxicity of Various Neem Formulation against Papilio Demoleus Linn

Alok Kumar Pandey

The LC₉₀ values (Table 1) in this case have also been calculated which results 5.0435, 6.001, 6.0304, 6.0393 and 9.1020 for Neemazal, Bioneem, Neemgold, Nimbicidine and Achook, respectively. But these values are quite high to give 90.0 per cent kill of P. demoleus. Therefore, not worthwhile to be adopted practically for the control of experimental insect.